Human Nature Self-Interest Altruism - 988 Words

Human Nature: Self-Interest vs. Altruism A debate encompassing human nature has carried on for centuries, and philosophers throughout history have provided a vast inventory of explanations they deem to be sufficient in understanding the perplex idea of human nature. A question commonly debated regarding human nature is determining whether human beings are naturally self-interested or altruistic. Political philosophers Bernard Mandeville and Francis Hutcheson specifically addressed this question, but each arrived at different conclusions based on personal observation and reasoning. Mandeville, influenced by Hobbesian thought, advocated the belief that human beings were naturally self-interested. Opposing the idea of self-interest,†¦show more content†¦He considers exciting reasons as merely an appeal to self-interest, and â€Å"have nothing to do with moral justification† (1971). Differentiating, justifying reasons â€Å"establish the virtue, moral goodness, or moral obligations of actions† (1971) . This reasoning explains his opposition to Mandeville’s view that moral distinctions derive from self-interest, and declares these distinctions as undoubtedly self-determining. The basis of Hutcheson’s theory expresses that the â€Å"moral sense† tends to be consistent as long as it is not interfered with. Interfering forces such as â€Å"ignorance, mistaken belief, prejudice, or the like† are corrected and addressed by reason (1971). He concludes his statements with an underlying theme which states â€Å"the benevolent one is reasonable and the malicious unreasonable†, based on the approval and disapproval of one’s moral sense (1971, 2004). Although both philosophers theorized about human nature more than two centuries ago, opposition and advocation for both is seen throughout current events. For example, Mandeville’s views can be advocated by the constant confrontation between the Israelis and the Arab world, more specifically the Palestinians. Neither side will relent to the interests of the other, viewing altruism with the other as being a weakener of their own state. If the Israelis recognize Palestine as a legitimate state, they lose both land and resources, while also fearing further invasion and conflict within Israel.Show MoreRelatedAn Argument Against The Virtue of Selfishness by Ayn Rand780 Words   |  3 PagesIn The Virtue of Selfishness Ayn Rand argues that self-interest is the norm of ethics. Perhaps the strongest argument Rand gives for this claim relies on the argument that it is up to every individual to decide what values his or her life needs. Since it is important to know what morals one should have, or if one should even have any. In this paper I will argue that this argument fails because a self-interested person will belittle the interests of others for their own good, therefore damaging theRead MoreAltruism, By Charles Darwin1463 Words   |  6 PagesAltruism is the practice o f selfless concern for the well-being of others, or the behavior of an animal that benefits another at its own expense. Evidence shows that the act of altruism is unique in the world of animals. The interaction between those who are selfish and those who are altruistic is vital to human cooperation. A small group of altruistic people can give enough motivation to a large number of egotistical to move a mountain. Just as a large number of selfish people could push a smallRead MoreThe Personality Of Personality Psychology Essay1051 Words   |  5 Pagesuntil the moment they die. Yet, some researchers believe that the personality is the one thing about a person that does not change over time. Genetics and environment equally contribute to the development of the personality. This is shown through the nature/nurture principle. The way a person behaves towards others, and reacts towards the world around them is determined by that person’s individual personality. No two personalit ies are alike. This is because a person’s individual personality is made upRead MoreKant And Kant s Theory1368 Words   |  6 Pagesassociated happiness that the action would bring. According to Kantian, there exist two questions, which human beings need to ask themselves before acting. One needs to rationalize, if everyone can act as he/ she proposes to act. If any case one gets no as an answer then such individual should not perform the intended act. Furthermore one also needs to consider whether his / her actions respect the human being goals or just merely using them for own selfish ambitions. In addition, if no is the answerRead MoreEthical Egoism, Ethical Altruism, And Eudaimonia1660 Words   |  7 PagesEthical Egoism, Ethical Altruism, and Eudaimonia are terms adversely mentioned, and used interchangeably, especially in the philosophical field. From a philosophical angle, egoism can take the descriptive or the normative perspective. While taking the ethical egoism angle, the source highlights that for a particular action, it must adhere to the moral requirements to the extent that there is no depriving of the individual’s self-interests. With regards to ethical altruism, there is the tendency toRead MoreHumans Nature - Good or Bad? Essay1132 Words   |  5 PagesHuman Nature Good or Bad? Whether human beings are instinctually good or evil in an elementary natural state is a question that has been boggling the minds of even the greatest philosophers. There is a spectrum of theories that support both good and evil within the human race, each with valid points that explains the range of our interests, being either for ourselves or for others. However, my personal stance is the sensible theory of Altruism. Past experiences and observations allow me toRead MoreAnalysis of Real Altruism Essay1667 Words   |  7 Pagespsychologists interested in understanding the ideas and thoughts behind it. Can this be considered real altruism? Psychologists have been studying this issue suggesting different ideas to explain altruistic behavior. This essay will talk about altruism and some of the real ideas over the thinking that altruistic behavior comes from real altruistic ideas, helping with the goal of benefiting others, without any self-benefit. The discussion over the real thoughts of altruistic behavior is not a new ideaRead MoreWhy Be Moral : A Short Discussion Of Ethical Motivation1697 Words   |  7 Pageson Digg Share this article on Reddit Share this article on Pinterest Expert Author David Mascone Almost by nature, we feel the pull of ethical considerations. If we see someone drop a dollar, most of us run forward and return the dollar to the owner. But why not keep it? What logic or rationale supports our being concerned about the ethics of an action? Why not just follow our self-interest? Why not just keep the dollar and consider ourselves to be lucky. So let s dive into the question. Even thoughRead MoreSummary Of Extending The Ethical Wealth Of Nations 1256 Words   |  6 Pages(372-289 BC) and XunZi (310-235 BC). Both of them had a theories about intrinsic value, which have huge effect in Chinese institutions, but in poles apart. Mencius takes the view that the nature of being is goodness but Xunzi believes it is evil. Mencius advocated the theory of original goodness in human nature. His theory has affected the classical Chinese culture deeply and has been considered the most important theory of his thought. Mencius illustrated that: The feeling of commiseration belongsRead MoreEgoism And Ethical Egoism1291 Words   |  6 Pagesstates that human actions are based on self-interest, even if the action appears to be selfless. It is a theory that all human actions are aimed at avoiding some personal loss or gaining some personal benefit. Psychological egoism is a descriptive theory about how we do behave; it does not tell us how we ought to behave. This theory has goals that are our Strongest Desires, Expected Benefit, and avoiding Misery. We always do what we most want to do and we do what makes us feel good. Altruism†¦. If this

Demetria Magazine . Ms. Milliner. Ees21Qh02. 1/20/17 .

Demetria Magazine Ms. Milliner EES21QH:02 1/20/17 Othello: Mindset and Grit Mindset and grit are two characteristics one must have in order to succeed. In the play Othello many characters portrayed having grit whether it was in a positive or negative light. In the play Othello characters such as Iago, Desdemona, Othello and Roderigo all display grit and mindset. In order to understand how the characters portray grit and mindset you must understand what the two mean. The definition of grit is the courage and resolve; strength of character. Angela Duckworth a psychology professor defines â€Å"grit† as â€Å"sticking with things over the very long term until you master them’’. According to Duckworth, the â€Å"†¦show more content†¦Iago is evil and he doesn t care who he hurts; he enjoys it. Although Iago is evil he does display grit and mindset. Iago persuades Cassio into drinking a lot then has Roderigo provoke him into a fight. When Montano tries to break it up Cassio hurts him. This made Othello intervene and stop the fight. Iago planned the whole thing out but he plays it off like he s shocked about what happened. Othello ends up firing Cassio. Iago tries to persuade Cassio into thinking that he can get Desdemona to talk Othello into giving him his job back. This is all apart of Iago s evil plan. After firing Cassio Desdemona tries to stick up for Cassio. To get Othello even more upset Iago tells Othello that i t s lust that makes Desdemona speak up for Cassio. Iago believes it s an excellent plan to bring down Othello. He says, So will I turn her virtue into pitch, And out of her own goodness make the net That shall enmesh them all (360-362). Iago plans to use Desdemona as a way to get under Othello s skin. This shows grit in Iago because he is determined to ruin Othello and anyone in his way. He tries anything he can to achieve this goal. In order to destroy Othello, he must also destroy Roderigo, Emilia, Desdemona, and eventually himself. Iago is a hard character to place under a specific mindset. Reviewing Iago s actions he shows he has a growth mindset. Having a growth mindset

Entrepreneurship Of A New Business - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss about the Entrepreneurship Of A New Business. Answer: Introduction Entrepreneurship is a term often used to describe new business ventures. The setting up of a new business venture involves meticulous analysis of a variety of factors that are likely to impact its performance. The evaluation of probable causes, resources at hand, need for acquiring additional assets and the financial constraints are very essential to give a clearer framework for the start up to follow. The first stage of setting up a business starts with the planning and preparation of the business plan. A business plan can be referred as a road-map that helps to analyze the trends existing in the industry and an overview of future prospects with the available resources (McKenzie, 2015). It also helps in providing a prior insight to the enable the business prepare for the upcoming challenges it is likely to face in the future and the existing competition. Company/Product The business venture is proposed in the field of opening up of a 24 hour restaurant in Wigram Street, near the University of Western Sydney. The products in this context are the services offered in the restaurant, food, drinks, beverages, online gaming, board games and a reading room. The purpose is to provide a place where customers can come and find relaxation by enjoying food and drinks (Watson et al., 2016). The facilities for playing online games and board games will also be there and reading area where they can read their favorite books or, novels and be stress-free during their leisure hours and exams one 24 hour basis. The restaurant would also arrange for gaming consoles for the interested players providing. The sole aim of providing the facilities of reading section and gaming is to give additional facilities along with the conventional services of food and drinks served in restaurants normally on a 24 hours mode. The restaurant will also focus on providing healthy food where there will be a menu of few carbohydrate free dishes taking into account the calories involved in the dishes. The proposed name of the restaurant is Grill Chill. The aim behind keeping the name such is to give a feel of a stress free, tension free relaxation zone to the customers where they can come and enjoy dishes, cool drinks and play games with very high and customer focused service quality 24X7 (Finch, 2016). The proposed location spot of the restaurant Grill Chill is in Wigram Street which is near the premises of the University of Western Sydney. Mode of functioning The restaurant is designed in a manner that it can accommodate a total of 40 customers at a given period of time in the dining area. The gaming area can accommodate two players at a time and the reading lounge provides a space for ten people to sit and read. A structure of rotational time-table shifts is followed so that employees can work in shifts. At a particular shift, 1 manager, 3 employees in the cash counter and billing area and 10 waiters can work. In the game section, 2 employees can assist the customers. There will also be staff in the kitchen to help the chef prepare the dishes for the menu. There will be 1 chef and 3 other employees to assist him. During the night shifts, a similar structure will be followed as well. Market opportunity Business researchers in the recent times have found out that this principle is the sole reason that restaurant and hotel businesses base on (Blank, 2013). In order to understand the exclusive market opportunities that setting up a restaurant would have in the Wigram area a market research was conducted. Market survey A total of 40 respondents were selected by a method of probability sampling were selected to conduct the survey. The questions used for the survey were based on the Likert scale to understand the taste and preferences of the potential customers. Question 1 60% of the respondents visited a restaurant frequently highlighting the fact that the area was very potential for the location of a restaurant. Question 2 About 54% of the respondents did not prefer the services of the existing food joint nearby and 40% found it of average quality which indicated that since 60% of them went to restaurants frequently they must have to search and find other options. Question 3 It addressed the issue of the needs that drive customers in that area to the food joints. 48% of the respondents looked for additional offerings like games and music, while 32% also looked for music. Question 4 52% said that they would like to visit a restaurant with games, reading area and music along with food and drink services. Question 5 51.5% responded that they would like to use food, games and reading and 31% said food and games. Question 6 40% said that they looked for all the four facilities while, 26% looked for the quality of food and prices and 18% looked for quality of food and services. It helped in understanding the fact that students and youngsters want to have a place where they can play games, listen to good music and enjoy food and drinks at any time during the night or day. It also underlined the need of the customers to have a zone for them where they can relax and be stress free. Value proposition In the area of Wigram Street, there is no similar restaurant that offers such a wide and diverse service. The only such facility available is 1.8 kilometer away which is not very favorable as it is far. The existing restaurant in that area is Not just curries which mainly serves Asian cuisines. This differentiates the proposed restaurant from it with a focus on the tastes of the young customers and students from the nearby university. The facility to play games transforms the proposed restaurant as a place with great youthful vibrancy where the students can release their stress and relax. The flexible timing and the inclusion of the gaming facilities also provides a competitive advantage to Grill Chill as a restaurant business. Target customers It is also important to understand the fact that the restaurant located near the University would have two specific types of the customers. The first type would be the young students of the university and the others would be the general customers. The restaurant will be open for 24 hours for the students who are living in the campus for during the examinations. Segmentation Demographics The students who are studying in the university or college and between the age group of 18-27 years will be targeted. In addition to this, middle class and other regular customers will also be targeted. Customer relationships It is important to understand that the needs of customers are divergent and keep changing with time (Parsa et al., 2015). These measures that can be taken into consideration by the restaurant are: Analyzing customer preferences: Understanding the tastes, preferences, likes and dislikes of the customers is very important to deliver what they think is best for them (Jones et al., 2013). An efficient and skilled staff: The warm and friendly behavior, politeness, efficiency in providing the correct information and the commitment they showcase in delivering the best service will go a long way to build good customer relations (Tran, 2016). Integrating all channels of communication: It can also offer special offers, special offers to customers who make online bookings or orders, seasonal discounts and festival offers as in Christmas or Thanksgiving. Distribution Channels Food will be delivered to the customers in the restaurant based on orders. The restaurant set up will have a section where there will be the gaming consoles, another with a reading area in the form of a comfortable sitting lounge area. The customers can also avail the services by prior booking through the website. This will consist 10% of the customers. The facilities of membership are also available for customers whereby they can avail membership cards for a year and enjoy the services at discounted rates. The dishes served in the restaurant will be prepared in the kitchen afresh attached with the restaurant. This will also require the setting up of an inventory where the raw materials necessary will be kept largely procured from organic markets. Key activities The key activities involve: Procurement of raw materials like vegetables, meat, fish and other necessary ingredients for cooking, drinks and beverages, equipments to set up the gaming station, furniture, infrastructure to set up the restaurant. Manufacturing or cooking the dishes and beverages to be served keeping a check on the quality standards promised to the customers Engaging in solving the problems faced by customers related to issues like difficulty in choosing the appropriate dish, combo meals, combo offers, booking services Providing a network of effective customer handling staff well equipped and professionally groomed dedicated to deliver best services to customers Key Resources The resources which a firm employs in manufacturing a product or delivering a service are the key resources of the firm (Schaper et al., 2014). These include: Physical resources: the property or building, furniture, infrastructure, equipments Financial resources: investment in the raw materials, transportation charges, marketing, advertising budgets, salaries paid to employees, investment on procuring the daily raw materials, maintenance of the restaurant, game stations, investment on setting up the infrastructure and daily cash transactions Human resource: the employees, management and the valued customers Intangible resources: these include the trade secrets, special recipes, restaurant environment, brand goodwill, ability to create good customer satisfaction Key partnership The partnerships with the suppliers to acquire raw materials necessary are also included here (Thomas et al., 2014). The necessary vegetables, meat, dairy products can be procured from the wholesalers at lower prices. In the proposed restaurant business the partnerships with the suppliers of raw materials, equipments to set up the gaming station, the partnerships with e commerce websites to promote the restaurant in the online media, partnership with food industry critics for a time to time evaluation of the quality standards, local authorities and communities surrounding the restaurant are important. Cost structure The food cost comprises of the procurements like staff labor, food, vegetables, groceries, meat, drinks, alcohol, supplies or procurements etc. The other associated expenses like management, marketing, communications, insurance, taxes etc are also taken into account. Lastly there are capitalization costs like interest, depreciation and amortization (Carayannis, Sindakis Walter, 2015). The associated costs with food are food, procurements, labor and with beverages the associated expenses are of alcohols, drinks and procurements. The gaming section has procurements related to gaming consoles. The other costs like maintenance, renting, communication and depreciation can be rightly classified into the cost of operations as these do not pertain to any one particular revenue source. Financial Analysis Source: Created by Author The total cost that would be required to start up the restaurant business after taking into consideration all the relevant cost is projected as a cost of AUD76,200. Profit and loss forecast Source: Created by Author Since this a forcast of profit and loss statement, we can say that due to competition from various resturants the profits are going to fluctuate throughout the year. Cash flow forecast Source: Created by Author As we have forcasted the companies cash flow position is going to be satisfactory. Balance Sheet forecast Source: Created by Author As the restaurant is in the process of getting incorporated, hence for now we cannot draw an inference from this balance sheet forecast. Revenue Flows/Streams The typical sources are elucidated here: walk in customers that is probably the biggest revenue component, take away customers are also important, for keeping revenues uninterrupted they doing door delivery orders, and the last one is the bulk catering orders which is the most profitable one as it helps in tiding over lean days. In Grill Chill, certain other services are being provided that are also capable of generating revenues like gaming section. The games like biking, car racing, rodeo bull game, air tennis etc. would be chargeable generating revenue. Some of the most loved dishes by Australians are Fish and Chips, Sausage Rolls, Burgers, Lamingtons, Barbecued Shrimp, Pavlovas, Meat pie etc (Lubyckij, 2015). The restaurant has been continuously innovating and as a result lamingtons have been selling as hot cakes. The restaurant vision is that there food stands out in all customers aspects considering elements like texture, taste, spice levels and appearance (Helmrich, 2015). Drinks include soft drinks like Coke and beverages like hot chocolate. They will serve Turmeric Chai Latte in the hot beverage section. To attract the youngsters a gaming section has also been introduced. This gaming section would be providing access to both high end and basic level gaming. Some of the most favorite among customers are Jurassic Park, Minion Madness and Star Wars Battle Pod. Reading Lounges have been providing a more personalized feel to the customers. They can relax in the reading lounge while reading books and ordering themselves a cup of coffee or hot chocolate. The prices have been kept reasonable aiming the young Australian crowd. The gaming activities are also chargeable. The customers have to get themselves a card by paying some amount and as they play the amount in the card gets exhausted. The main source of revenue for restaurant is food services. About 75% of the revenue gets earned from the food served. Next, comes the beverages section including drinks, alcohol and generates about 15% of the restaurants revenue. Lastly the gaming section contributes to 10% of the revenues restaurant. (Source: As Created by Author) Venture Management Team This team includes the ownership, management and the experts on sales and marketing, non managed teams, advisory team, consultants and an executive board. The legal experts, solicitors are also included in it. The non managed teams refer to the temporary workers which are hired to set up the telecommunication network, setting the utilities. The consultants are the people who are consulted for expert advice. It is the collaborated planning, execution and efforts laid into it that determines the success of a new business venture. Conclusion The initiative to set up a restaurant in the area near the University of Western Sydney is aimed at targeting a largely young customer base. Hence the restaurant plan is to be prepared and executed taking into account this vital aspect. As the market research proves that the area is potential for setting up of a restaurant that provides not only food and drinks but also games. The students can go there and have an opportunity to be stress free after their studies. This would also serve as a place where they can be revitalized to continue their studies in an efficient manner. The customers are paying for the food and beverages being served to them. A policy of segmenting the customers is adopted to help understand the diverse needs of the customers. The prices have been kept reasonable aiming the young Australian crowd. It is therefore expected that the business by following the above plan will lead to profitable outcomes. References Agarwal, R., Dahm, M. J. (2015). Success factors in independent ethnic restaurants.Journal of foodservice business research,18(1), 20-33. Blank, S. (2013). Why the lean start-up changes everything.Harvard business review,91(5), 63-72. Bryman, A., Bell, E. (2015).Business research methods. Oxford University Press, USA. Carayannis, E. G., Sindakis, S., Walter, C. (2015). Business model innovation as lever of organizational sustainability.The Journal of Technology Transfer,40(1), 85-104. Finch, B. (2016).How to write a business plan. Kogan Page Publishers. Hair, J. F. (2015).Essentials of business research methods. ME Sharpe. Helmrich, B. (2015).Ten things to do before opening a restaurant.NewsComAu. Retrieved 1 August 2017, from https://www.news.com.au/finance/small-business/ten-things-to-do-before-opening-a-restaurant/news-story/609bd2759685553e3020de79164acc3e Hoare, D. (2015). Fixed and Variable Costs in a Restaurant | Business Economics - A Library of Information. Businessecon.org. Retrieved 1 August 2017, from https://businessecon.org/2015/01/fixed-and-variable-costs-in-a-restaurant/ Hofer, C. (2016). The Evolution of Business Plans in International Business Management Plan Competitions. InModels of Start-up Thinking and Action: Theoretical, Empirical and Pedagogical Approaches(pp. 145-211). Emerald Group Publishing Limited. Jones, C., Penaluna, A., Matlay, H., Penaluna, K. (2013). The student business plan: useful or not?.Industry and Higher Education,27(6), 491-498. Leschke, J. (2013). Business model mapping: A new tool to encourage entrepreneurial activity and accelerate new venture creation.Journal of Marketing Development and Competitiveness,7(1), 18-26. Lubyckij, G. (2015). Our top 10 most iconic Australian foods. Australian Geographic. Retrieved 1 August 2017, from https://www.australiangeographic.com.au/topics/history-culture/2015/01/10-iconic-australian-foods-and-their-history McKeever, M. (2016).How to write a business plan. Nolo. McKenzie, D. J. (2015). Identifying and spurring high-growth entrepreneurship: experimental evidence from a business plan competition.Browser Download This Paper. Parsa, H. G., van der Rest, J. P. I., Smith, S. R., Parsa, R. A., Bujisic, M. (2015). Why restaurants fail? Part IV: The relationship between restaurant failures and demographic factors.Cornell Hospitality Quarterly,56(1), 80-90. Schaper, M. T., Volery, T., Weber, P. C., Gibson, B. (2014).Entrepreneurship and small business. Sekaran, U., Bougie, R. (2016).Research methods for business: A skill building approach. John Wiley Sons. Thomas, D. F., Gudmundson, D., Turner, K., Suhr, D. (2014). Business Plan Competitions and Their Impact on New Ventures' Business Models.Journal of Strategic Innovation and Sustainability,10(1), 34. Tran, L. Q. P. (2016). Business Plan: Elpis Restaurant. Wall-Mullen, E., Envick, B. R. (2015). Get a Clue: How Entrepreneurs Can Manage the Service Experience to Differentiate Themselves Provide Value Propositions That Maximize Customer Satisfaction.The Entrepreneurial Executive,20, 1. Watson, K., McGowan, P., Cooper, S. (2016). Reimagining the extracurricular business plan competition through the incorporation of effectuation. Zhang, W. (2016). Business Plan for an All You Can Eat Korean Restaurant in Ontario, California.

Porsche Essays - Sports Cars, Porsche 911 GT3, Porsche 911

Porsche I have narrowed down my project to just Porsche vehicles. I am not going to talk about the man behind the car to much. I have found several web sites that have criteria about Porsche and their different models and their performance. I will discuss these subjects along with others. The history of Porsche will be discussed. I will also talk about some different models such as the 911 GT3. I will also discuss the GT1 and GT3 race seriesI will also discuss Porches latest press releases. History The early years (the 40's & 50's) 1948: The very first Porsche. The very first Porsche 356/1 developed by Ferry Porsche and his proven team is completed in the Austrian town of Gm?nd and receives technical homologation on June 8,1949: Presentation of the Cisitalia racing car.The Cisitalia racing car is presented at the Torino Motor Show, featuring a 12-cylinder dual-compressor boxer engine in mid ship arrangement, 1493 cc, 385 bhp at 10600 rpm, top speed 300 km/h (186 mph), four-wheel drive with individual drive activation of the front wheels. 1950: Porsche returns to Zuffenhausen Porsche returns to Zuffenhausen, near Stuttgart. Thus begins a new chapter in Porsche's history. In rooms rented from the Reutter car body factory, production facilities are set up. Porsche becomes an independent automobile factory. 1951: Porsche's first international success in Le Mans Professor Ferdinand Porsche Sr. dies, aged 75. The Porsche 356 scores its first international success in motor racing, winning the 1100-cc category in the 24 Hours of Le Mans. 1953: Porsche 550 Spyder Presentation of the Fuhrmann engine for the Porsche 550 Spyder: 1.5 liter four-cylinder, four camshafts, 110 bhp 1956: the 10,000th Porsche 356 Commemorating the 25th anniversary of the Company, the 10,000th Porsche 356 leaves the production hall. Porsche has already scored 400 victories in motor racing. The 1.5 liter 550 Spyder, driven here by Richard von Frankenberg, becomes the "shark in the pool of perch" in major races, where it competed against cars with more horsepower. 1958: Commemorating the 25th anniversary of the Company, the 10,000th Porsche 356 leaves the production hall. Porsche has already scored 400 victories in motor racing. The 60's and 70's 1961: Work starts on a new six cylinder engine Behind closed doors, work starts on a new Porsche with a six cylinder engine. The body is designed by Ferdinand Alexander Porsche, Ferry Porsche's son. 1963: Porsche 911.At the Frankfurt International Automobile Show, Porsche presents the 911. The underlying concept of an air-cooled flat engine in the rear is retained.1964: Production start of the Porsche 911.1969: Porsche 914-4 and 914-6. Presentation of the 914-4 and 914-6 mid-engine sports cars at the Frankfurt Motor Show.Porsche for the second time wins the World Championships for works cars. For the second consecutive year, the 911 wins the Monte Carlo Rallye. 1970:The Porsche 917 (4.5-litre 12-cylinder boxer engine) shown to the public for the first time in Geneva wins virtually all races the world over, including the World Championship of Makes and the Endurance World Championship. Work starts at the Weissach Research and Development Centre. 1972: Porsche goes public. Under the guidance of Ferry Porsche as Chairman of the Supervisory Board, Porsche goes public. 1974: The first 911 Turbo With the 911 Turbo a new era begins: exhaust: exhaust turbo charged autos. 1975: The first Transaxle sports car. Porsche introduces the 924, the first Transaxle sports car with the engine at the front, the transmission and drive wheels at the rear. Production of the "big Porsche", the 928, starts in Stuttgart: V8 light-alloy engine, Transaxle configuration, Weissach axle. To this day the only sports car in the world ever to win the title of Sports Car of the Year. The 80's & 90's 1982: The Porsche 956, the most successful racing/sports car of all times, begins its victorious career. 1985: Launch of the Porsche 959, a spearhead in new technology. A limited number are built. In 1986, it is the first sports car to win the Paris-Dakar Rally. 1988: Launch of the new 911 Carrera 4.1989: Introduction of Tiptronic four-speed automatic transmission operated either manually (as a function of load) or serving as a fully automatic transmission. Featured for the first time in the new 911 Carrera 2. 1993: Presentation of the first Boxster concept car at the Detroit Auto Show. Launch of